Power steering is an essential component for driving modern vehicles. This system, also known as a steering column, makes driving easier, particularly when manoeuvring at low speeds and when parking.
However, there are several power steering variants, each with its own characteristics and advantages. In this article, we will explore the differences between electric power steering, hydraulic power steering and electro-hydraulic power steering, helping you to understand which is the best choice for your driving needs.
Electric Power Steering
Electric power steering is a system that uses an electric motor connected to the steering column and controlled by a control unit. This system is able to assist the steering action of the driver based on impulses detected by a sensor. Here are some of the main features of electric power steering:
- External Energy Source: Electric power steering uses an external energy source, reducing the force required to turn the wheels.
- Lightweight and Economical: It is known to be compact, light and cheap to produce, making it a popular choice for car manufacturers.
- Easy to assemble: Electric power steering is relatively simple to install and operates with two power levels.
- Energy Saving: During normal driving at low speed, the system absorbs energy only when necessary, remaining inactive in most cases.
Hydraulic Power Steering
Hydraulic power steering is a system originally designed for heavy vehicles such as trucks and tractors, but which has also found applications in cars. It is known for its complexity and some specific features:
- Complex Structure: Hydraulic power steering requires a hydraulic oil tank, a high-pressure pump, high-pressure hoses and additional components such as belts and pulleys.
- Expensive: This system is known for its high initial and maintenance costs.
- Fuel consumption: The hydraulic pump constantly requires energy from the engine, affecting fuel consumption. Hydraulic power steering can consume up to 0.6 litres of fuel per 100 kilometres.
Electro-hydraulic power steering
Electro-hydraulic power steering is a solution that combines the features of electric and hydraulic power steering. In this system, the hydraulic pump is not driven directly by the engine through a belt, but by an electric motor that only comes into operation when needed. This system maintains the precision and smoothness of hydraulic power steering, but without the constant energy consumption.
Which one to choose?
The choice between electric, hydraulic and electro-hydraulic power steering depends on several factors:
- Vehicle Type: Lighter vehicles, such as passenger cars, tend to use electric power steering due to its light weight and efficiency. Heavier vehicles may require hydraulic or electro-hydraulic power steering.
- Costs: Hydraulic power steering is known for its higher initial and maintenance costs. Electric power steering is generally cheaper.
- Fuel consumption: If fuel economy is a priority, electric power steering is the best choice.
- Ease of Maintenance: Electric power steering requires less maintenance than hydraulic power steering.
In general, electric power steering is the most popular choice for modern cars due to its efficiency and lower impact on fuel consumption. However, for heavier vehicles, hydraulic or electro-hydraulic power steering may be required.
Remember that regular power steering maintenance is essential to ensure safe and comfortable driving. In case of malfunctions, it is important to have the system diagnosed by experienced professionals.
If you need further information or assistance in choosing the right power steering system for your vehicle, do not hesitate to contact our experts. We are here to answer all your questions and provide you with the best solutions for your car.
The choice of power steering can greatly influence the driving experience, so make sure you make the right choice for your personal needs.
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